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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 25 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u00ab1688\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u00bb (DDP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b 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\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u00ab\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u00bb (DDP) \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 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\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 DHL \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u00f7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 (DDP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 50 \u00d7 40 \u00d7 40 \u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8 \u0643\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: 8 \u0643\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 DDP \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 8 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 8 \u0643\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1688 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064d \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 1688.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (DDP) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a DDP \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 1688.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (DDP)\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u2192 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u2192 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2192 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2192 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 DDP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 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\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u00abDDP\u00bb \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a 1688\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (DDP) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (DDP) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 1688\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 DDP \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1688 Warehouse \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u061f<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"How](\"https:\/\/1688delivery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-China-Warehouse-Consolidation-Can-Reduce-DDP-Shipping-Costs-1024x576.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 DDP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
![\"China](\"https:\/\/1688delivery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/China-warehouse-workers-repacking-cartons-for-international-DDP-shipping.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u00bb (DDP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Warehouse](\"https:\/\/1688delivery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warehouse-worker-measuring-carton-dimensions-before-calculating-volumetric-weight-for-DDP-shipping-1024x768.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
![\"Chinese](\"https:\/\/1688delivery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Chinese-ecommerce-warehouse-preparing-consolidated-orders-before-international-shipping.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 DDP \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
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\n
\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n